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Crude futures back below $40 mark in thin trading

Posted by Mr Wellhead Labels:

NEW YORK (MarketWatch) -- Crude-oil futures fell below $40 a barrel Tuesday, as data showing record-low U.S. consumer confidence as well as plunging housing prices overshadowed concerns about possible Middle East supply disruptions as a result of Israel's air raids in the Gaza Strip. Continue Reading...

Tuesday, December 30, 2008 | 0 Comments

What Do Oil Wells Really Mean?

Posted by Mr Wellhead Labels:

Oil wells usually refer to a vertical hole drilled in the earth to find and extract petroleum oil and natural gas from the underground layers. Wells are generally composed of a series of small holes and tubing and smaller holes within, encased in cement, whereby perforations along the casing in the production zone enable the oil to flow though rocks into the production casing. Inherent pressure is then enough to allow the oil and gas to flow to the surface. In case the pressure is not enough, other substances may be injected to stimulate it.

Wells can produce three types of products. Some produce only oil. Others produce both oil and natural gas. Others produce only natural gas. However, wherever there is extraction of oil, there are high chances that there will also be natural gas present, as in the release of hydrocarbons when the oil is extracted. Where demand for gas is present in the area of the drilling, pipes conduct the gas to the supply lines. In places where the gas may not be carried away for use, it used to be burnt. However recent environmental concerns have reduced this occurrence of burning gas on the spot, and the gas is often re-injected in the well to produce pressure.

Oil wells can be drilled onshore or offshore. Onshore wells are found on land, and are easier and less costly to drill and operate. Gas as the byproduct of oil extraction can also be efficiently carried away through pipe lines. Off shore wells target oil which is underground but also found under an ocean, away from land and shores. Shallow waters are easier to drill into and operate wells on, whereas the logistics of the procedure become more complicated and expensive the deeper the water is.

Oil wells can be classified in different categories, according to their purpose. Production wells are drilled for oil production. Appraisal wells are used to assess characteristics of a hydrocarbon accumulation. Wildcat wells refer to wells dug in an area where not much is known of hydrocarbon accumulation, and referred much to a random dig. These are not really used nowadays, since they were used for exploratory and information purposes, which is now available through the efforts placed in exploratory and appraisal wells.

Mayoor Patel is the writer for the website http://www.oil.oil-universe.com. Please visit for information on all things concerned with Oil Wells




Reference: Ezine Article

Saturday, December 20, 2008 | 0 Comments

Joining The Oil And Gas Industry

Posted by Mr Wellhead Labels:

Which of these oil and gas drilling jobs would you do? Do you want to be a driller who is in charge of boring the holes? Do you want to be one of the roughnecks who help the driller with the operation of the drilling machines? Whatever your choice, there may still be a job for you in this global industry.

First, here is an overview of the oil and gas industry. The crude oil industry is involved in the exploration, extraction, output and selling of oil products. Crude oil, or petroleum, may be classified as a fossil fuel since it is believed to have been formed from the fossilized remains of dead plant life and other creatures. After millions of years of heat and pressure these materials formed oil reservoirs that are located all over the world.

The modern world runs for the most part on petroleum and its products. It is used in the production of a large number of chemical products, various plastics and fuels. The various operations of this industry may be parted into 3 sections.

Section #1: Oil exploration, production and development.

Section #2: Transportation of oil via oil tankers and pipelines.

Section #3: Marketing and selling oil products to consumers.

Next we may take a look at a few oil and gas drilling jobs. Drillers are in charge of controlling the drilling gear and they are responsible for drilling the holes. Mud engineers are in charge of the fluids being used for drilling. They need to have a solid knowledge of chemistry as well as drilling routines. Roughnecks help with the operation of the drilling equipment as instructed by the driller. A tool pusher is usually an expert driller who works in the oil rig offices and on the rig floor.

Oil and gas drilling jobs are not for the lazy or the weak. You need physical strength and mental stamina as well as the willingness to work in remote places. Oil production jobs are often dirty, greasy and somewhat risky. However, they do pay well and oil companies can take good care of their employees.

Reference: Ezine Article

Saturday, December 20, 2008 | 0 Comments

The What and Why of Petroleum Industry

Posted by Mr Wellhead Labels:

The petroleum industry is involved in the exploration, extraction, production and marketing of petroleum products. This may be the largest global industry in existence and it has a far reaching impact upon our society, economy and environment.

What is petroleum?
It is classified as a fossil fuel because it is thought to have been formed from the fossilized remains of dead plants and animals. These remains were changed by the prolonged exposure to lots of heat and pressure in the crust of the earth. The remains were covered and preserved by mud layers. This later formed oil reservoirs that are located all across the globe.

Why is the petroleum industry important?
Our modern industrialized society runs largely on crude oil and its derivatives. Petroleum is used in the production of a multitude of chemical products, plastics, solvents and fuels. It is hard to imagine a world without these kinds of products.

How does the petroleum industry operate?
Different operations of this industry may be divided into 3 parts.

Part #1: Petroleum exploration, production and development.

Part #2: Transport of oil via tankers and pipelines

Part #3: Sales and consumers

When did the petroleum industry start?
The petroleum industry may be very old. There are signs that oil has been used as a means of lighting for more than a thousand years. The industrial revolution created a big demand for oil products. Petroleum was established as a most valuable commodity by the 20th century.

When will the world run out of oil?
Petroleum is a non-renewable energy resource and it will eventually be depleted. According to some estimates the world may run out of oil between the year 2050 and 2090. This depends upon whether oil supply and demand increases or decreases in the future.

The petroleum industry has unfortunately caused much water and air pollution. Although biofuels may supplement the energy market, the petroleum industry will continue to provide the biggest share of the world's oil, fuel and gasoline.

Reference: Ezine Article

Saturday, December 20, 2008 | 0 Comments

Crude Oil

Posted by Mr Wellhead Labels: , ,

The discovery of crude oil and a look at its future existence. Interesting documentaries. Please spend your time and give your review about this video.

Friday, December 19, 2008 | 0 Comments

ROV And The Story Of Giant Squid

Posted by Mr Wellhead Labels: ,

When I searching for ROV unit within Youtube i found this, A stories about ROV units and the giant squid. Hahah!!!

ROV & The Story Of Giant Squid Part 1 of 5

ROV & The Story Of Giant Squid Part 2 of 5

ROV & The Story Of Giant Squid Part 3 of 5

ROV & The Story Of Giant Squid Part 4 of 5

ROV & The Story Of Giant Squid Part 5 of 5

Wednesday, December 17, 2008 | 0 Comments

Wellhead Component

Posted by Mr Wellhead Labels: ,

A wellhead is a general term used to describe the component that is used to suspend casing strings and provide sealing functionality for oil wells. Wellheads can be located on platforms, sub sea or onshore.

Wellhead system primary components are:

  • Casing head
  • Casing spools
  • Casing hangers
  • Packoffs and isolation seal
  • Bowl protectors
  • Test plugs
  • Mudline suspension systems
  • Tubing heads
  • Tubing hangers
  • Tubing head adapters

Wednesday, December 17, 2008 | 0 Comments

Oil field Glossary

Posted by Mr Wellhead Labels:

  • ABANDON: When production is stopped from a well that is depleted and no longer capable of producing profitably. A wildcat well may also be abandoned after it has been determined that it will not produce.
  • ACIDIZING: Treatment of oil-bearing limestone or carbonate formations with a solution of hydrochloric acid and other chemicals to increase production. The acid is forced under pressure into the formation where it enlarges the flow channels by dissolving the limestone.
  • AIR DRILLING: Drilling using air as the circulation medium (See DRILLING FLUIDS.)
  • A-FRAME: "A"-shaped openwork structure which is the stationary and supporting component of the derrick of a jack-knife rig and to which the derrick is anchored when it is in an upright or drilling position.
  • ANGLE OF DEFLECTION: The angle, in degrees, at which a well is deflected from the vertical by means of a whipstock or other deflecting tool.
  • ANTICLINE: Arched stratified rock structure with layers dipping downward in opposite directions from the crest.
  • BIT: The cutting or boring element used in drilling oil and gas wells.
  • BLOWOUT: Uncontrolled flow of gas, oil, or other well fluids from a well during drilling due to formation pressure exceeding the pressure exerted by the column of drilling mud.
  • BLOWOUT PREVENTER (BOP): Hydraulically or mechanically actuated high-pressure valve installed at the wellhead to control pressure within the well.
  • BREAKOUT: Act of unscrewing one section of pipe from another section, particularly when drill pipe is being withdrawn from the wellbore.
  • BREAK TOUR: When drilling crews start working eight-hour or twelve-hour shifts 24 hours a day. Prior to this time crews have been working only during daylight hours while rigging up.
  • BRING IN A WELL: Act of completing and brining a well into production.
  • BUDDY SYSTEM: Commonly used system among crew members to ensure that each man is accounted for, particularly when pulling a test where gas is encountered.
  • CABLE TOOL: Percussion method of drilling whereby the repeated pounding of a heavy bit makes the hole. Largely replaced by the rotary rig.
  • CAP ROCK: Impermeable rock overlying an oil or gas reservoir that tends to prevent migration of the reservoir fluids from the reservoir.
  • CAPPED WELL: A well capable of production but lacking wellhead installations and a pipeline connection.
  • CASING: Steel pipe threaded together and cemented into a well as drilling progresses to prevent the wall of the hole from caving in during drilling and to provide a means of extracting oil/gas if the well is productive.
  • CASING HEAD: Heavy steel fitting that connects the first string of casing and provides a housing for the slips and packing assemblies by which subsequent strings of casing are suspended and the annulus sealed off.
  • CASING HEAD GAS: Gas dissolved in crude oil which emerges at the casing head when pressure is lowered.
  • CASING STRING: Total feet of casing run in a well.
  • CATWALK: Steel platform immediately in front of the derrick substructure on which joints of drill pipe are stored prior to being lifted to the derrick floor by the catline.
  • CENTRALIZERS: Spring steel guides attached to the casing which help keep it centered in the hole and thus provide for a uniform cement sheath around the casing pipe.
  • CHRISTMAS TREE: Valves, pipes, and fittings assembled at the top of a completed well used to control the flow of oil and gas.
  • CIRCULATE: Cycling of the drilling fluid through the drill string and wellbore while drilling is temporarily suspended. This is done to condition the drilling fluid and wellbore before drilling proceeds.
  • CLOSE IN: To shut in (temporarily) a well that is capable of production.
  • COMPLETE A WELL: Finish the work on a well and bring it to a productive state.
  • CONDENSATE: Mixture of pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons that may be contaminated with sulfur compounds and is recovered or recoverable form an underground reservoir. It is gaseous in its virgin state but is liquid under the conditions at which its volume is measured.
  • CONTRACT DEPTH: Depth that well must be drilled to fulfill the contract.
  • CORE: Cylindrical sample taken from a formation for the purpose of examination or analysis.
  • CRATERING OR SLOUGHING: When the walls of a hole cave in.
  • CROOKED HOLE: Wellbore that has deviated from the vertical inadvertently.
  • CUTTINGS: Fragments of rock dislodged by the bit and brought to the surface in the drilling mud.
  • DERRICK: Load-bearing towerlike framework over an oil/gas well which holds the hoisting and lowering equipment.
  • DERRICKHAND: Crew member whose work station is in the derrick while pipe is being hoisted or lowered into the hole. He is usually next in line of authority under the driller.
  • DEVELOPMENT WELL: Well drilled for oil and gas within a proven field or area for the purpose of completing the desired pattern of production.
  • DIRECTIONAL DRILLING: Controlled drilling at a specified angle from the vertical.
  • DISCOVERY WELL: Exploratory well which discovers a new oil/gas field (see WILDCAT).
  • DOGHOUSE: Small house located on the rig floor or nearby that is used as an office for the driller and as a storage place for small tools.
  • DOG LEG: A sharp change of direction in the wellbore or an elbow caused by such a change in direction.
  • DOWNTIME: When rig operations are temporarily suspended because of repairs or maintenance.
  • DRAWWORKS: Hoisting mechanism on a drilling rig which spools off or takes in the drilling line and thus raises or lowers the drill string and bit.
  • DRILLERS: Employee directly in charge of a particular crew as opposed to a toolpusher who is in charge of all the crews on a rig. Operation of drilling and hoisting equipment constitutes the driller's main duties.
  • DRILLING FOREMAN: Usually the man in charge of a number of rigs; sometimes the operator's representative.
  • DRILL PIPE: Steel pipe, in approximately 30-foot (9-meter) lengths, screwed together to form a continuous pipe extending from the drilling rig to the drilling bit at the bottom of the hole. Rotation of the drill pipe and bit causes the bit to bore through the rock.
  • DRILL STEM TEST (DST): Conventional method of testing a formation to determine its potential productivity before installing production casing in a well. A testing tool is attached to the bottom of the drill pipe and placed opposite the formation to be tested which has been isolated by placing packers above and below the formation. Fluids in the formation are allowed to flow up through the drill pipe by establishing an open connection between the formation and the surface.
  • DRILL STRING: String of individual joints of pipe that extends from the bit to the kelly and carries the mud down to, and rotates, the bit.
  • DRILLING FLUIDS: While a mixture of clay and water is the most common drilling fluid, wells can also be drilled with air, natural gas, oil, or plain water as the drilling fluid.
  • DRY HOLE: Generally refers to any well that does not produce oil or gas in commercial quantities.
  • DUAL COMPLETION: Completion of a well in which two separate formations may be produced at the same time. Production from each zone is segregated by running two tubing strings with packers, or running one tubing string with a packer and producing the other zone through the annulus.
  • ELEVATOR: Clamp which grips a stand or column of casing, tubing, drill pipe, or sucker rods so that it can be raised or lowered into the hole.
  • EXPLORATION WELL: Well drilled in unproven territory (See WILDCAT).
  • FAULT: Geological term denoting a break in the subsurface strata.
  • FISH: Any undersirable object accidentally lost in the wellbore which must be removed before drilling can continue.
  • FISHING: Encompasses both the special equipment and the special equipment and the special procedures required to remove undersirable objects from the wellbore.
  • FLOORHAND: Crew member whose work station is primarily about the rig floor. There are normally tow floorhands on each drilling crews.
  • FLOWING PRESSURE: Pressure registered at the wellhead of a flowing well.
  • FORMATION: Sedimentary bed or deposit composed substantially of the same minerals throughout and distinctive enough to be a unit.
  • FOURBLE: Section of drill pipe, casing, or tubing consisting of four joints screwed together.
  • GAS CAP: Free gas, separate from, but overlying an oil zone that occurs within the same producing formation as oil. Since gas is lighter, it occupies the upper part of the reservoir.
  • GEOLOGIST: Scientist whose duties consist of obtaining and interpreting data dealing with the earth's history and its life, especially as recorded in rocks.
  • GEOLOGRAPH: Patented apparatus which automatically records the rate of penetration and depth during drilling operations.
  • GOING IN HOLE: Lowering the drill pipe into the wellbore.
  • HOLE: Common term for wellbore.
  • HORIZON: Distinct layer or group of layers of rock.
  • HYDROCARBONS: Organic chemical compounds of hydrogen and carbon whose densities, boiling points, and freezing points increase as their molecular weights increase. The molecular structure of the most common petroleum hydrocarbon compounds varies from the simplest - methane, a constituent of natural gas - to the very heavy and complex.
  • INFILL DRILLING: Drilling of wells according to a planned pattern and spacing to achieve full production from a new field.
  • JACK-KNIFE DERRICK: A cantilever mast that can be laid down in one piece for moving, as opposed to a standard derrick which has to be dismantled and re-erected piece by piece.
  • JET BIT: Bit having nozzles of various sizes through which the drilling fluid is directed to achieve a desired fluid velocity.
  • JOINT: One length of drill pipe or casing.
  • JUNK: Debris lost in the hole.
  • KELLY: Square or hexagonal steel pipe about 43 feet (13 meters) long which transmits torque from the rotary table to drill string, thus rotating the string and bit.
  • KEYSEAT: While drilling a well, a channel or groove is cut in the side of the hole parallel to the axis of the hole. Keyseating takes place as a result of the dragging action of drill pipe through a dog leg.
  • KILLING A WELL: The act of bringing a well under control which has blown out or is threatening to blow out; also applies to the procedure of circulating water and mud into a completed well before starting well service operations.
  • LATCH ON: Attaching elevators to a section of pipe.
  • LAYING DOWN PIPE: The operation of pulling drill pipe or tubing from the hole and laying it down on the pipe rack.
  • LEDGE: An irregular wellbore caused by penetration of alternating layers of hard and soft formations where the soft formation has washed out and caused a change of diametrical size.
  • LIQUIDS: Hydrocarbons in solution in natural gas which are liquefiable at surface temperature and pressure or by treatment and processing.
  • LOCATIONS: Point at which a well is to be drilled. Commonly termed "well site."
  • LOG: Systematic recording of data.
  • LOST CIRCULATOIN: Loss quantities of whole mud to a formation, usually cavernous, fissured, or coarsely permeable beds. It is indicated by the complete or partial loss of drilling mud returns. Until the zone in which the drilling fluid has been lost is sealed off, drilling cannot be resumed in most cases.
  • MAKE A CONNECTION: Act of screwing a single joint of drill pipe into the drilling string suspended in the wellbore. The addition of this joint of pipe permits deepening of the hole the length of the joint added, or about 30 feet (9 meters).
  • MAKING HOLE: Refers to progress being made at a given time when the bit is rotating and the wellbore is being deepened. In other words, drilling.
  • MAKING A TRIP: Hoisting of the drill string out of, and returning it into, the wellbore. This is done for the purpose of changing bits, preparing to take a core, etc.
  • MAKING UP A JOINT: Act of screwing a joint into another section of pipe.
  • MAST: Portable derrick capable of being erected as a unit, as opposed to a standard derrick, which cannot be raised to a working position as a unit, since it is of bolted construction and must be assembled part by part.
  • MIGRATION: Natural movement of oil or gas within or out of a formation.
  • MIXING MUD: Preparation of drilling fluids from a mixture of water and other fluids and one or more of the various dry mud-making materials such as clay, chemical, etc.
  • MONKEY BOARD: Platform on which the derrickhand works during the time the crew is making a trip.
  • MOTORHAND: Crew member responsible for the care and operation of the rig motors.
  • MOUSE HOLE: Hole drilled under the derrick floor and temporarily cased in which a single joint of pipe is placed awaiting connection to the drill string.
  • MUD: Usually colloidal suspensions of clays in water with chemical additives that are circulated through the wellbore during rotary drilling and workover operations. Can use oil as the main medium.
  • MULTIPLE-ZONE WELL COMPLETION: Completion of a well in such a way that production is obtained from several different formations.
  • OFFSET: A lateral deviation created by the tendency of a bit to sidetrack in a soft formation.
  • OFFSET WELL: Well location adjoining another well site.
  • OILFIELD: Loosely defined term referring to an area where oil is found. May also include the oil reservoir, the surface and wells, and production equipment.
  • OPEN HOLE: Uncased part of a well.
  • OPERATOR: Person, whether proprietor or lessee, who actually operates the well. Generally, the oil company by whom the drilling contractor is engaged.
  • PAY, PAY SAND, OR PAY SECTION: Producing formation, or that formation which represents the objective of drilling.
  • PENETRATION, RATE OF: Rate at which the drill bit proceeds in the deepening of the wellbore and usually expressed as feet (meters) per hour.
  • PERFORATE: To pierce holes through well casing within an oil or gas-bearing formation by means of a perforating gun lowered down the hole and fired electrically from the surface. The perforations permit production from a formation which has been cased off.
  • PERMEABILITY: Capacity of a porous rock formation to allow fluid to flow within the interconnecting pore network.
  • PIPE: Oilfield tubular goods such as casing, drill pipe, tubing, or pipeline.
  • PIPE RACK: Series of parallel heavy wooden or steel bents secured in place by bracing on which pipe is stored.
  • PLUG: Object or device that serves to block a hole or passageway such as a cement plug in a borehole.
  • PLUG AND ABANDON: Act of placing cement plugs in a hole to prevent unwanted vertical migration in an abandoned well.
  • POROSITY: Volume of pore spaces between mineral grains expressed as a percentage of the total rock volume. Thus porosity measures the capacity of the rock to hold oil, gas, or water.
  • POTENTIAL: Actual or maximum volume of oil and/or gas that a well is capable of producing.
  • PRODUCTION: The operation of bringing the well fluids to the surface and separating them, and storing, gauging, and otherwise preparing product for the pipeline. Also refers to the amount of oil or gas produced over a given period.
  • RATHOLE: Shallow bore under the derrick substructure in which the kelly joint is temporarily set while making a connection.
  • RELIEF WELL: Well drilled at an angle from a point close to a "wild" well that will intercept theoriginal well as part of control procedure.
  • RESERVOIR: Porous, permeable sedimentary rock structure or trap containing oil and/or gas. A reservoir can contain more than one pool.
  • RIG: The derrick, drawworks, and attendant surface equipment of a drilling or workover unit. (Several types of rigs should be included such as deep, shallow, stratigraphic, etc.)
  • RIGGING UP: Act of getting a rig assembled and ready to start drilling.
  • ROTARY DRILLING: Method of drilling in which the drill pipe is rotated to rotate a bit.
  • ROTARY TABLE: Equipment over the wellbore which transfers power from the engines to produce a rotary motion. Via bushings and gears the rotary motion is transferred to the kelly and through to the drill string.
  • ROTATING BOTTOM: Making hole.
  • ROUGHNECK: Industry slang for floorhand.
  • SAFETY WIRE: Steel cable attached to the monkey board and anchored to the ground at some distance from the rig. It is used by the derrickhand to slide clear of danger in an emergency.
  • SANDFRAC: Method of fracturing subsurface rock formations by injection of fluid and sand under high pressure to increase permeability. Fractures induced in the rock by the hydraulic pressure are kept open by the grains of sand.
  • SCRATCHER: Steel, wire-fingered device fastened to the casing which removes the mud cake from the hole to condition it for cementing.
  • SEISMOGRAPH: Apparatus used to measure and record vibrations in the earth. It is used to detect possible oil-bearing structures.
  • SET CASING: Installation of steel pipe or casing in a wellbore, normally cemented in place by surrounding it with a wall of cement.
  • SIDE TRACKING: Drilling past an obstruction in the hole, usually done using a special tool known as a whipstock.
  • SINGLE: One joint of drill pipe.
  • SLIM HOLE DRILLING: Drilling in which the hole size is smaller than the conventional hole diameter, enabling the operator to run smaller casing, thereby decreasing the cost of completion.
  • SPECIFIC GRAVITY: Ratio of weight of any substance to weight of equal volume of another substance, usually water as the standard for solids and liquid.
  • SPUD OR SPUDDING IN: Commencement of actual drilling of well.
  • STABILIZER: A centralizer installed in the drill string to center the string in the hole and to stiffen the string to resist bending and deviation.
  • STAND OF PIPE: Two, three, and sometimes four joints of pipe fastened together, called a double, thribble, or fourble, respectively.
  • STEP-OUT WELL: Well drilled adjacent or near to proven well to ascertain the limits of the reservoir.
  • STRATIGRAPHIC TRAP: Subsurface formation created by sedimentation that might trap an accumulation of oil and/or gas.
  • STRING: The entire length of casing, tubing, or drill pipe.
  • STRUCTURE: Subsurface geological feature capable of acting as a reservoir for oil and/or gas.
  • STUCK PIPE: Drill pipe, casing, or tubing that cannot be worked in or out of the hole as desired.
  • SUBSTRUCTURE: Foundation on which the derrick and engines sit. Contains space for storage and well control equipment.
  • SURFACE CASING: First string of casing set in well.
  • SWABBING: Operation using a swab to bring well fluids to the surface when the well does not flow naturally.
  • SYNCLINE: Trough-shaped subsurface structure of folded stratified rock. Opposite of anticline.
  • TIGHT HOLE: Drilling a well in which the information obtained is restricted and passed only to those authorized to receive it.
  • THRIBBLE: Stand of pipe made up of three joints handled as a unit.
  • TOOLPUSHER: Foreman in charge of the drilling rig operations and crew members.
  • TOTAL DEPTH (TD): Maximum depth reached in a well.
  • TOUR: Work shift of a drilling crew, usually pronounced as though it were spelled t-o-w-e-r.
  • TRAP: Any geological structure which precludes the migration of oil and gas through subsurface rocks, causing the hydrocarbons to accumulate into pools.
  • TRIPPING: Making a trip; operation of hoisting pipe out of, and returning it to, the wellbore.
  • TURBODRILL: Downhole assembly of bit and motor in which the bit alone is rotated by means of fluid turbine which is activated by the drilling mud. The mud turbine is usually placed just above the bit.
  • TURNING TO THE RIGHT: Slang term referring to actual drilling time as opposed to repair time, trip time, etc.
  • TURNKEY CONTRACT: Contract under which contractor carries out and completes his assignment for a fixed fee, as opposed to working on per diem basis.
  • TWIST-OFF: To fracture a joint of drill pipe in two, necessitating a recovery or fishing operation.
  • VUG: A cavity in a rock.
  • WAITING ON CEMENT (W.O.C.): Time period that drilling is suspended while the cement used to hold casing in the wellbore hardens.
  • WELLBORE: The hole made by a drilling bit.
  • WELL COMPLETION: See COMPLETE A WELL.
  • WELL LOGGING: Recording information about subsurface geologic formations; methods include records kept by the driller, mud and cutting analysis, core analysis, drill stem tests, electric and radioactivity procedures.
  • WHIPSTOCK: Long steel wedge used to deflect the bit from the original borehole at a slight angle for controlled directional drilling, for straightening crooked holes, and for sidetracking in or to bypass an unretrieved fish.
  • WILDCAT: Well drilled in unproven territory.
  • WORKOVER: To carry out remedial operations on an producing well with the intention of restoring or increasing production.

Wednesday, December 17, 2008 | 0 Comments

5 of the leading global oil companies

Posted by Mr Wellhead Labels:

Crude oil is critical to numerous industries and is necessary to sustain an industrialized society. This is because The Production of oil is decreasing at all of the leading global oil companies. Oil companies have therefore no other option and need to expand their exploration in order to find new oil field to replace the number of reserves they have. By the next 15 to 20 years, Trillions of dollars may be exhausted in their pursuit of oil production.

The 5 of the leading global oil companies are;

  1. Saudi Arabian Oil Company
  2. National Iranian Oil Company
  3. Qatar Petroleum
  4. Abu Dhabi National Oil Company
  5. Petróleos de Venezuela South America

Tuesday, December 16, 2008 | 0 Comments

Christmas Tree

Posted by Mr Wellhead Labels:




In petroleum and natural gas extraction, a Christmas tree, or "Tree", is an assembly of valves, spools, and fittings, used for an oil well, gas well, water injection well, water disposal well, gas injection well, condensate well and other types of wells. It was named for its crude resemblance to a decorated tree. The other named for Christmas tree is Wellhead.

A wellhead is a general term used to describe the component that is used to suspend casing strings and provide sealing functionality for oil wells. Wellheads can be located on platforms, subsea or onshore.

A Wellhead system provides the following basic functionality:

  1. support of the casing and tubing strings (the tubing string may also be suspended in the Christmas Tree);
  2. provide a seal between the different strings and increasing allow for access to annuli between the different casing/tubing strings.

Wellhead system primary components:

  • Casing head
  • Casing spools
  • Casing hangers
  • Packoffs and isolation seal
  • Bowl protectors
  • Test plugs
  • Mudline suspension systems
  • Tubing heads
  • Tubing hangers
  • Tubing head adapters

Wellheads are cemented in place and are generally permanently kept in place, although in exploration wells they may be recovered for use again. Factors that affect wellhead configuration are pressure, temperature, location, well depth, well size, well purpose, expected well life, well control equipment interface, drilling method, etc.

A wellhead serves numerous functions. Some of these are:

1) Means of casing suspension. (Casing is the permanently installed pipe used to line the well hole for pressure containment, collapse prevention etc.)

2) Means of casing pressure isolation when multiple casing strings are used

3) Means of attaching during drilling

4) Means of attaching a tree for well control during production, injection, or other operations

5) Means of well access

6) Means of pump attachment

7) Means of tubing suspension (Tubing is removable pipe installed in the well)

The basic requirements for materials, dimensions, test procedures and pressure ratings for wellheads and wellhead equipment are defined on API Spec 6A: Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipments.

-END-

Saturday, December 13, 2008 | 2 Comments

Contact

Posted by Mr Wellhead

THANKS YOU FOR YOUR INTEREST

In the mean time you can email me at wellhead@ymail.com



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DO NOT SPAMMING WITH MY EMAIL OR YOU MAY BE MARKS AS SPAMMERS FOREVER.

Saturday, December 13, 2008 | 0 Comments

link exchange

Posted by Mr Wellhead Labels:

link exchange program. Contact me if u interested to join me.

How?

Paste my URL http://crude-oil-futures.blogspot.com at the the first page with my display named as Crude Oil Futures at your site and then contact me with title/subject:
link exchange program for free.


Name of Website/Blog

  1. Crude Oil Future
  2. Blogger Enhancement

Others Exchange
  • Subscribers Exchange
  • Follower Exchange
  • Recent Readers Exchange
  • Follower Exchange
  • And Many More Exchange

Note:
  • Do not delete my link when you agree to join my link exchange program.
  • Advantage with my link exchange program: i will visit your page daily so you just get free 1 visitor daily.
  • Chose for what named you prefers to display four free link exchange here. example as per above.
  • Happy Blogging.

Thursday, December 11, 2008 | 0 Comments

List Of Petroleum Companies

Posted by Mr Wellhead Labels:

This is a selected list of petroleum companies in alphabetical order.


Reference: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Saturday, November 29, 2008 | 0 Comments

The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

Posted by Mr Wellhead Labels:

The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a permanent, intergovernmental Organization, created at the Baghdad Conference on September 10–14, 1960, by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. The five Founding Members were later joined by nine other Members: Qatar (1961); Indonesia (1962); Socialist Peoples Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1962); United Arab Emirates (1967); Algeria (1969); Nigeria (1971); Ecuador (1973) – suspended its membership from December 1992-October 2007; Angola (2007) and Gabon (1975–1994). OPEC had its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, in the first five years of its existence. This was moved to Vienna, Austria, on September 1, 1965.

OPEC's OBJECTIVE
OPEC's objective is to co-ordinate and unify petroleum policies among Member Countries, in order to secure fair and stable prices for petroleum producers; an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations; and a fair return on capital to those investing in the industry.

OPEC's MISSION
OPEC's mission is to coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of Member Countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady income to producers and a fair return on capital to those investing in the petroleum industry.

CLICK HERE TO OPEC'S OFFICIAL WEBSITE

Saturday, November 29, 2008 | 0 Comments

Crude Oil Product

Posted by Mr Wellhead Labels:

  1. Petroleum gas - used for heating, cooking, making plastics
  2. Naphtha or Ligroin - intermediate that will be further processed to make gasoline
  3. Gasoline - motor fuel
  4. Kerosene - fuel for jet engines and tractors; starting material for making other products
  5. Gas oil or Diesel distillate - used for diesel fuel and heating oil; starting material for making other products
  6. Lubricating oil - used for motor oil, grease, other lubricants
  7. Heavy gas or Fuel oil - used for industrial fuel; starting material for making other products
  8. Residuals - coke, asphalt, tar, waxes; starting material for making other products

Friday, November 28, 2008 | 0 Comments

About Oil Refining

Posted by Mr Wellhead Labels:

The problem with crude oil is that it contains hundreds of different types of hydrocarbons all mixed together. You have to separate the different types of hydrocarbons to have anything useful. Fortunately there is an easy way to separate things, and this is what oil refining is all about.


Different hydrocarbon chain lengths all have progressively higher boiling points, so they can all be separated by distillation. This is what happens in an oil refinery - in one part of the process, crude oil is heated and the different chains are pulled out by their vaporization temperatures. Each different chain length has a different property that makes it useful in a different way

Friday, November 28, 2008 | 0 Comments

Hydrocarbons In Crude Oils

Posted by Mr Wellhead Labels:

The major classes of hydrocarbons in crude oils include:

  1. Paraffins
  2. Aromatics
  3. Napthenes or Cycloalkanes
  4. Alkenes
  5. Dienes and Alkynes
There are two things that make hydrocarbons exciting to chemists:

  • Hydrocarbons contain a lot of energy. Many of the things derived from crude oil like gasoline, diesel fuel, paraffin wax and so on take advantage of this energy.
  • Hydrocarbons can take on many different forms. The smallest hydrocarbon is methane (CH4), which is a gas that is a lighter than air. Longer chains with 5 or more carbons are liquids. Very long chains are solids like wax or tar. By chemically cross-linking hydrocarbon chains you can get everything from synthetic rubber to nylon to the plastic in tupperware. Hydrocarbon chains are very versatile!

Friday, November 28, 2008 | 0 Comments

Crude Oil Futures Define Crude Oil

Posted by Mr Wellhead Labels:

Before we start let me introduce you the meaning of the crude oil itself, it has facts but sometime being subjective to people.

Crude Oil can be define as:

Summary of Crude Oil Definition.

Crude oil is the term for "unprocessed" oil, the stuff that comes out of the ground. It is also known as petroleum. Crude oil is a fossil fuel, meaning that it was made naturally from decaying plants and animals living in ancient seas millions of years ago -- most places you can find crude oil were once sea beds. Crude oils vary in color, from clear to tar-black, and in viscosity, from water to almost solid.

Crude oils are such a useful starting point for so many different substances because they contain hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are molecules that contain hydrogen and carbon and come in various lengths and structures, from straight chains to branching chains to rings. -Read More-

Friday, November 28, 2008 | 0 Comments

Crude Oil Futures Opening Post.

Posted by Mr Wellhead Labels:

Thanks you readers for this very great moment that you in here..

I am wondering now:

  1. How you could find my blog " Crude oil Futures" actually?
  2. Do you engineer, crew, leader or anybody who involve on this black gold industries?
  3. What is you Background?
  4. Do you get useful information here?
I am still thinking who are you my readers but no matter who you are you could be someone who likes to take note about some info related to crude oil. Spend your time, visit my page and give feedback by comment. Sharing information is good yeah.

Thanks You & Best Regard
"Crude Oil Futures Blog"

Friday, November 28, 2008 | 0 Comments

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